The eccentric compression tests of 12 Xinjiang poplar columns with different eccentricity were carried out

and the failure modes

load-displacement curves

load-longitudinal strain curves and ultimate bearing capacity were analyzed. The results show that local folding and bending failure occur in the middle part of the axial compression timber column

and the typical failure mode of the eccentric compression timber column is mainly the bending failure in the middle part. With the increase of eccentricity

the vertical displacement and lateral deflection corresponding to the peak point of load-displacement curve increase

and the lateral bending deformation becomes more obvious. The compressive strain of concave surface corresponding to the peak point of load-strain curve increases with the increase of eccentricity

and the compressive deformation capacity and strength of the wood on the side of the specimen under eccentric compression are fully exerted. Under the action of different bias loads

the variation law of the central section strain along the height of the section basically satisfies the assumption of the plane section. With the increase of eccentricity

the decreasing amplitude of ultimate bearing capacity showed a decreasing trend. Finally

a formula for calculating the bias bearing capacity based on the relative eccentricity reduction coefficient was proposed

and the calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental results.