To uphold strict academic discipline and standardize academic publishing practices, our Editorial Department employs Wanfang plagiarism detection software and the built-in AIGC tool (Jianziyuan) within the manuscript submission and review platform to conduct comprehensive plagiarism checks throughout the entire manuscript review process (including during the “three-stage review” and revision stages). The acceptable thresholds are a plagiarism rate of no more than 10% as detected by Wanfang and a suspected AIGC-generated content rate of no more than 15%. Additionally, the following provisions are established regarding the retraction process.

I. Editorial Department-Initiated Retraction

The Editorial Department will proactively retract a published paper if any of the following academic misconduct issues are confirmed by relevant academic institutions:

1. Data fabrication

2. Falsification of peer review

3. Plagiarism

4. Ghostwriting by others

II. Author-Requested Retraction

Authors may request retraction of their manuscript only prior to its publication. To do so, they must submit a written application to the Editorial Department, clearly stating the reasons and bearing the original signatures of all authors. The Editorial Department will then decide whether to grant the retraction based on the specific circumstances. After publication, the Editorial Department will no longer accept retraction requests from authors. Any resulting responsibilities, such as those arising from duplicate submissions, shall be borne by the authors themselves.